Personal Letter to University Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter to University - Personal Statement Example The best explanation behind me to seek after college contemplates (state, post-optional instruction) is to relate my vocation advantages and individual interests under a solitary rooftop. My own involvement in disparities in our (Afghanistan) culture constrained me to take a promise to utilize each chance to serve the penniless. As the wide hole among rich and poor is getting more extensive, the job of a social specialist is essential. Furthermore, as an individual who speaks to underdeveloped nations, I am very much aware of the way that my obligation is high. In this way, I will probably procure the abilities and information that the undergrad program in social work can offer so as to have any kind of effect on the planet. Along these lines, I have decided to seek after a post-optional instruction in Bachelor of Social Work since this course can assist me with emerging my own and profession objectives. As an individual with serious profound respect towards social work, my favored region of study is Social Work and I am applying for Bachelor of Social Work at the York University. My future vocation objectives are profoundly established in my own encounters. For instance, my own involvement with my country, for example Afghanistan propelled me a great deal to seek after a profession in social work. My ethnic way of life as an individual from Afghanistan, which faces the distinction/issue of inside uprisings, regular disasters, deficiency in framework improvement, poor day to day environment of the residents, and so on drive me to be in the bleeding edge of social work. I feel very sure that an age with instruction and ceaseless goal towards social work can change the fate of my country. Since I have moved to Canada, there still remains the desire in me to serve the general public inside my private and open space. Ming-entirety Tsui in the work ‘Social work oversight: settings a nd concepts’ clarifies that preparation programs led by colleges changed the conventional social work situation (Tsui 7). In this manner, the most significant inspiration for my choice to

Opportunites to Expand the Facebook Brand Essay Example For Students

Opportunites to Expand the Facebook Brand Essay Presentation: Imprint Zuckerberg established Facebook Inc. in July 2004 for college understudies to mingle on the web. The thought was spread rapidly which made numerous clients participate in a month. Clients began expanding each month. In 2006, the site expelled cutoff points of enrollment which likewise expanded the quantity of clients to millions. The all out piece of the overall industry of the organization is 157.45 billions of dollars. The organization is attempting to develop so it can turn into the web. It has a wide range of tasks and is putting resources into online networking applications to get as much as data of individuals and attempting to keep individuals associated through various ways. Individuals use Facebook to remain in contact with family members and companions so they can see what's going on the planet they live in. They share encounters and matters about the people they give it a second thought. On the off chance that you can utilize and control Facebook’s fame, at that point it will profit in succeeding your independent venture. Facebook has been engaged with building items, which will furnish clients with esteem for clients, promoters, and engineers. Portable: Facebook has its own versatile application which can be downloaded and the clients can utilize the greater part of the highlights utilized on the site. The versatile application they are utilizing has a responsive structure; every portable has various goals for its screen sizes. Facebook didn't disregard that since it needs the clients to be agreeable and not whine about any issues identified with content sizes or show of the application or versatile web. Facebook likewise has a Mobile application community where it gives social applications. There are applications like Facebook courier, which can be downloaded for talking purposes. Another application they have is an application, which permits you to download most recent . .ponsibility of constraining the data the transfer, which is the arrangement. Facebook ought to think about our answer, which permit them to be prevailing in the online market. Works Cited Kosner, A. W. (2013, August 13). Forbes. Recovered from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/destinations/anthonykosner/2013/08/31/new-facebook-approaches sell-your-face-and-whatever-it-gathers/ Luckerson, V. (2014, March 25). Facebook Buying Oculus Virtual-Reality Company for $2 Billion. Time . Oxford Dictionaries. (2014, May 22). Definition: Gamification. Recovered from Oxford Dictionaries: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/gamification Strohm, R. R. (2014, March 22). Zuckerberg Says Obama Steps on NSA Spying Not Enough. Bloomberg . Your Dictionary. (2014, May 22). Deduction Engine. Recovered from Your Dictionary: http://www.yourdictionary. com/deduction motor

The History of Presidential Salaries How Much Have U.S. Presidents Earned Through the Years

The History of Presidential Salaries How Much Have U.S. Presidents Earned Through the Years Ever dreamt of being a president of the United States? If yes, how much do you think you would earn being the leader of the world’s most powerful country?What if you had been a president a hundred years back, would you have made the same? Would you have made more or less?There are very few positions in the world, if any, that compare to being the president of the United States.The job comes with very tough decision making, extremely long hours, constant travel, and a lot of public and media scrutiny.With all this, it is not surprising that being the president comes with a hefty paycheck. However, those who run for presidency don’t do it for the salary.If anything, many of those who run for presidency have already made lots of money elsewhere, and therefore, the presidential salary is not very significant to them.Still, the presidential salary is quite a huge sum for the ordinary person.If you are wondering how much a president makes, stick with me. In this article, we’ll look a t how much the current president, Mr. Donald Trump, makes for being president, as well as what all the other presidents before him earned during their days in office.But before we learn how much the president earns, let’s first understand a few things about the presidential salary.WHO DETERMINES THE PRESIDENTIAL SALARY?The salary of the United States president is set by the Congress.The Congress also holds the responsibility of reviewing and increasing the president’s salary.This means that the president himself cannot increase his or her salary. But being the most powerful person in the country, can’t the president just influence the Congress to increase his salary?Well, the authors of the constitution probably envisioned such a scenario, and to prevent this, the United States Constitution, under Article II Section 1, states that a president’s salary cannot be increased or reduced during the president’s current term of office.This means that, even if a president somehow i nfluenced the Congress to raise his salary, he would have to wait till after the next election to start enjoying the higher salary (there is no guarantee he would still be president).Not only does this prevent the president from influencing the raising of his own salary, it also makes it impossible for Congress to influence or coerce a sitting president by altering â€" either increasing or decreasing â€" his salary.WHAT DOES THE CURRENT PRESIDENT EARN?Donald Trump, the current president of the United States earns a salary of $400,000 per year.In addition, the president also receives a $50,000 annual expense account, a $100,000 non-taxable travel account, and a $19,000 entertainment account.The president’s salary has not always been $400,000. The $400,000 salary only became effective in January 2001.The increase came as part of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, which the 106th Congress passed during its closing days.Among the incentives for raising the preside ntial salary was the fact that with the steadily rising common cost of living, the salaries of several other federal officials were constantly being increased, and some federal officials were set to earn more than the president if nothing was done.Therefore, the 106th Congress decided to double the president’s salary. Since the changes took effect on January 2001, President George W. Bush, who took office the same year, was the first president to earn a $400,000 salary.Since the change became effective, the presidents who have earned the $400,000 salary are George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and the current president Donald Trump.HOW MUCH DID PRESIDENTS EARN BEFORE?The previous section makes it clear that United States presidents have not always earned a $400,000 salary. So, how much did they earn before?Well, before the 2001 change, the president’s salary has been increased on four more occasions. Below are some of the other times the presidential salary was increased. 1789The conce pt of the United States of America ruled by a president was introduced with the adoption of the US constitution in 1789. Under the newly adopted constitution, the salary of the president was set at $25,000.It would be another 8 decades before the Congress would raise the president’s salary. George Washington, one of the founding fathers, and the first president elected under the US constitution, also became the first president to earn the $25,000 salary.1873In 1873, 84 years after the first US president took office, the Congress decided to raise the president’s salary.Starting with Ulysses S Grant’s second term in office, the salary of the president was doubled from $25,000 to $50,000. After this, the presidential salary would remain unchanged for over three more decades.1909After 36 years, Congress once again made amendments to Article II Section 1 of the US constitution and increased the salary of the president to $75,000.These changes took effect in 1909, just as William Ho ward Taft came into office. It would be another four decades before this salary was reviewed again.1949In 1949, the presidential salary was once again increased, this time by 33 percent, taking the new presidential salary to $100,000. The new changes took effect just as Harry Truman was beginning his second term. This made Truman the first ever American president to earn a six figure salary.The $100,000 salary would remain effective for the next 20 years. Aside from Harry S. Truman, the other presidents who took home the $100,000 salary are Dwight Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson.1969In 1969, just as President Richard Nixon was taking office, the Congress once again decided to double the presidential salary from $100,000 to $200,000, making Richard Nixon the first president to pocket a $200,000 annual salary.This salary would remain in effect for slightly over 30 years. Aside from Richard Nixon, the other presidents who received the $200,000 salary include Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush, and Bill Clinton.In 2001, the president’s salary was eventually increased from $200,000 to $400,000, which is what US presidents earn to this day.IS THAT ALL THAT PRESIDENTS MAKE?While the $400,000 figure enough to put American presidents in the top 1 percent of the highest income earners, it is just the basic salary US presidents earn for holding the position of president.Aside from this basic salary, there are other financial benefits that come with being the president. These include:A Dedicated Medical TeamThe president of the United States has an official physician, who is also the director of the White House Medical Unit.The role of the White House Medical Unit is to provide the president with comprehensive medical care as well as worldwide emergency action response. This is not only limited to the president, but to his family as well.The White House Medical Unit maintains an on-site clinic at the White House and is manned by 3 to 5 military physicians, as well as a team of nurses, medics, and medical assistants.The Director of the White House Medical Unit and some members of his staff are available to the president around the clock, whether he is at the White House or traveling on official business.Annual Expense AccountStarting in 1949, the US Congress decided that the president should also be entitled to a $50,000 annual expense account that they could use for miscellaneous expenses. The tax status of this account has changed severally.At the moment, the account is non-taxable. In most cases, the funds in the annual expense account have been used to cover the costs of meetings that do not fall within the budgets of governmental departments.Sometimes, the funds in the annual expense account do not get used or are only partially used, in which case they are given back to the treasury.Entertainment AccountWho said that you cannot have some little fun just because you are president of the most powerful countr y in the world? The president of the United States is entitled to a $19,000 entertainment. This entertainment account started during president Richard Nixon’s term in office. Initially, the entertainment account started at $12,000, but was later increased to the current $19,000. It’s good to note that these funds are not used to cater for official functions, since the State Department covers the cost of these. In addition, any performers at the White House usually do it for free.Redecoration AllowanceThe US government wants to make sure that the president and the first family feel at home at the White House, and therefore when a new president is elected, the president and his family are given $100,000 to redecorate the White House to their liking.However, the president is free to reject this money if they so wish. For instance, when former president Obama took office, he did not take the redecoration allowance. Instead, the Obamas opted to use their own funds to redecorate the W hite House.When Donald Trump took office in 2016, he reportedly spent $1.75 million to redecorate the White House and buy new furniture and wall coverings, though it is not clear whether the cost was footed by the tax payers or from his own personal accounts.DO PRESIDENTS EARN ANYTHING AFTER THEY LEAVE OFFICE?The financial perks of being president of the United States do not come to an end once one leaves office.Even after retirement, former presidents continue receiving several benefits. Some of these include:PensionUnder the Former Presidents Act, former presidents are entitled to a lifetime taxable pension. According to the Act, this pension should be equal to the annual basic pay for the heads of executive federal departments, such as Cabinet Secretaries.This amount is usually determined by Congress. At the moment, the presidential pension stands at $210,700 per year. The former president starts earning the pension the minute they officially leave office.In addition, the widows of former presidents are also entitled to an annual lifetime pension of $20,000, though they are free to waive that right if they so choose.Initially, there was some confusion as to whether presidents who resigned were also entitled to the pension.To clear the air, the Justice Department in 1974 ruled that the right to lifetime pension as well as all other benefits that former presidents are entitled to also applies to presidents who resign from office before the official expiry of their terms in office.However, a president is not entitled to these benefits if they are removed from office through impeachment.In May 2015, a bill known as the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act was introduced to Congress by Jason Chaffetz, the representative for Utah.This bill sought to delink the presidential pension from the salaries of Cabinet Secretaries and limit it (the presidential pension) to $200,000 per year.In addition, this bill also sought to reduce the presidential pension by $1 for every dollar over $400,000 that a former president earned every year from all sources.For instance, under this bill, former president Bill Clinton would not be entitled to any government pension in 2014, since he made close to $10 million from book royalties and speaking fees within that year.In January 2016, Senator Chaffetz bill was passed by the house, and later in June 2016, it was also passed by the Senate.However, in July 2016, President Obama vetoed the bill, claiming that it would impose oppressive and unreasonable burdens on former presidents.Transition ExpensesAfter leaving office, former presidents are also given funds to help facilitate and cushion their transition to private life.These funds, which are allocated by Congress, are used to cater for expenses such as office space, communication services, staff compensation, printing and postage, and so on.The transition expenses will vary from president to president. For example, when leaving office, former president Georg e W. Bush and his vice president Dan Quayle were given a transition expenses account totaling to $1.5 million.Aside from the transition expenses, which are applicable for the first six months after leaving office, the former president also continues to receive funds for an office staff. For the first 30 months after leaving office, the funds for this purpose are capped at $150,000 per year.After the first 30 months are over, the funds allocated to former presidents for staff compensation should not exceed $96,000 per year, according to the Former President’s Act. Any staff costs exceeding $96,000 per year must be paid from the former president’s personal accounts.Lifetime Protection and Medical AttentionEven after leaving office, former presidents and their spouses are entitled to receive lifetime protection from the Secret Service.If a former president passes on, their surviving spouses will continue receiving protection from the Secret Service until they remarry.If the former first family had children, the children are also entitled to protection until they reach the age of 16.While former presidents and their dependents are entitled to protection, they are also free to decline the protection if they so wish, according to legislation enacted in 1984.In addition to protection by the Secret Service, former presidents as well as their spouses, minor children and widows will continue receiving lifetime treatment in military hospitals.However, the former presidents and their dependents are still free to enroll in private health plans if they so wish, though the costs of these will not be covered by the state.Travel ExpensesIn 1968, a law was enacted that requires the General Services Administration (GSA) to provide former presidents with funds to cover travel, business and related expenses for the former president and no more than two of his or her staff members.It’s is good to note that this money does not cover travel for leisure. In order for the former president to be compensated for travel expenses, he or she must show that the travel was on official business in their capacity as a former president of the United States.Other Sources of IncomeAside from the money availed to them by the government, former presidents also have other sources of income which are related to their status as a former president of the United States.By far, the greatest source of income for former presidents comes from books deals, tours, and speaking gigs.For instance, after leaving office, former president Bill Clinton made close to $15 million in advance for the book “My Life.” Aside from what he got from the book, he also earned over $75 million from speaking gigs.Right after leaving the White House in 2001, Bill Clinton is said to have been paid $125,000 for a speech gig by the Greater Washington Association of Executives, which is a standard price for a speech from a former president.After leaving office, former president George W. Bush wrote the book “Decision Points” and made $7 million for the first 1.5 million copies.According to estimates by the Center for Public Integrity, George Bush has also brought in about $15 million from giving speeches since he stepped from office. Former president Jimmy Carter also wrote 14 books after leaving office.Before becoming president, Barack Obama wrote a book “Dreams of My Father”. Initially, the book did not bring in a significant income, but the sales kept rising as he rose higher in politics, and when he ran for president, the book started flying off the shelves.According to the New York Times, the former president and his wife Michelle Obama stand to make anywhere between $20 million and $40 million in post-presidency book contracts.PRESIDENTS WHO DID NOT TAKE A SALARYDespite the presidential salary putting presidents among the top 1 percent highest income earners in the country, and despite it being a constitutional requirement to take the presidential salary, some presi dents were not so keen about taking their salaries, opting instead to donate their salaries to charity.So far, there are four presidents who did not take their salaries. They are:Donald J. Trump: Before taking office, current president Donald Trump was already wildly wealthy. By the time he took office, he was worth $3.1 billion, according to Forbes, which was actually a decline from his $4.5 billion net worth in 2015.During his presidential campaign, Trump announced that he would only take a $1 salary since the constitution required him to take a salary. After taking office, he followed his words and has donated his $400,000 annual salary to various governmental departments.John F. Kennedy: Just like Trump, J. F. Kennedy was a very wealthy man when he took office in 1961. He came from a wealthy family worth over $1 billion at the time. Therefore, he did not really need the presidential salary to get by.During his term in office, he donated his $100,000 salary to various charities, though he kept the $50,000 annual expense account. Kennedy had also donated all his salary for all the 14 years he served in Congress.Herbert Hoover: When he took office in 1913, Hoover was worth about $4 million, which was quite a huge amount at the time (about $103 million today). Therefore, when he took office, he donated part of his $75,000 salary to various charities, while the rest he gave to his staff.George Washington: The first US president was also quite wealthy before becoming president. During his days as a military commander, he had declined taking a salary, claiming that service to the nation was enough for him.When he took office, he did not want to take a salary, but since the constitution required him to take it, he took the $25,000 salary and donated it.WRAPPING UPBeing president of the United States is a demanding position, but fortunately, it comes with an equally impressive salary of $400,000 per year.As we have seen, however, the presidential salary has not alw ays been this high.It started at $25,000 in 1789 and has been raised five times before reaching the current $400,000.With the rising cost of living and the constantly increasing salaries of other federal officials, will Congress once again increase the president’s salary?We can only wait and see.

Production and Profit Maximization

Article Analysis Amazon Begins Delivering Farmers...

Article Analysis # 1 Name Hannah Wright Class Principle of Microeconomics 72601 Date September 2, 2015 â€Å"Amazon Begins Delivering Farmers Market Goods to Southland Customers† by Shan Li and Russ Parsons (LA Times, September 1, 2015) Summary: Amazon has begun partnering with Fresh Nation to bring fresh food straight to you doorstep. Fresh Nation has started delivering to areas in southern California, and will next try out New York; from there, based on the success, they will decided where to expand to next. Fresh Nation was created by Tony Lee, who took a break from his work in e-commerce to begin a farmers market in a semi small Connecticut town. When he had the idea to create Fresh Nation, he had already achieved a strong network of farmers across the country, allowing him supply wherever his company was to go. Amazon was the perfect corporation to partner with because they have already installed a grocery delivery service. In order to make the delivery process quick and keep the food staying fresh, Fresh Nation estimates based on past orders how much of each food they will need for the new set of customers, before they even place an order. With this information, Fresh Nation sends out its shoppers to the Farmers Mark et, there they buy the food in high demand and have them sent in a refrigerated truck to the Amazon distribution center. Now that the perishables are in the hands of Amazon, they are delivered to theShow MoreRelatedArticle Analysis : Amazon Begins Delivering Farmers Market Goods For Southland Customers 970 Words   |  4 PagesArticle Analysis # 1 Name Hannah Wright Class Principle of Microeconomics 72601 Date September 2, 2015 â€Å"Amazon Begins Delivering Farmers Market Goods to Southland Customers† by Shan Li and Russ Parsons (LA Times, September 1, 2015) Summary: Amazon has begun partnering with Fresh Nation to bring fresh food straight to you doorstep. Fresh Nation has started delivering to areas in southern California, and will next try out New York; from there Article Analysis Amazon Begins Delivering Farmers... Article Analysis # 1 Name Hannah Wright Class Principle of Microeconomics 72601 Date September 2, 2015 â€Å"Amazon Begins Delivering Farmers Market Goods to Southland Customers† by Shan Li and Russ Parsons (LA Times, September 1, 2015) Summary: Amazon has begun partnering with Fresh Nation to bring fresh food straight to you doorstep. Fresh Nation has started delivering to areas in southern California, and will next try out New York; from there, based on the success, they will decided where to expand to next. Fresh Nation was created by Tony Lee, who took a break from his work in e-commerce to begin a farmers market in a semi small Connecticut town. When he had the idea to create†¦show more content†¦The only catch is that in order to use Fresh Nations service you have to be an Amazon Prime Fresh member. Besides the cost of a membership fee, you do not have to empty your pockets because the groceries are only slightly higher in price then you would find them in the store for. Other companies have also attempted to create online shopping for groceries. Some are thriving because of their innovative delivery methods. Some companies have failed because of the difficulty in supply and the steps including in having the customer receive the product. A local farmer was interviewed and stated that he believes Fresh Nation will benefit the customers and the farmers. The question is, how will it affect the grocery markets? Analysis 1. Law of Demand The law of demand states that there is an inverse relationship between price and the quantity buyers are willing to purchase of a certain good. Fresh Nation is a correct representation of the law of demand. Because Fresh Nation will charge more for their products than what you would find them in the grocery store for, the quantity demanded will be slim. Fresh Nation also has to include the cost of delivery, one reason their prices are higher. As the article mentioned, in order to use Fresh Nation you must be an Amazon Prime Fresh member, another expense that will cause consumers to choose a substitute, causing the quantity demanded to decrease. 2. Quantity Demanded As I discussed

Wa Student Duty of Care Policy Free Essays

Memo for The Department of Education and Training, Western Australia (DETWA) To: All School Principals within the DETWA. Subject: A GUIDE TO HELP PARENT’S UNDERSTAND, THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION TRAINING, DUTY OF CARE POLICY FOR STUDENTS. Please find enclosed a detailed guide to helping your parents / caregivers understand the â€Å"Duty of Care Policy for Students†. We will write a custom essay sample on Wa Student Duty of Care Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This guide is an analysis of the policy document noting the key points that are easily understood by parents. The report will also detail two scenarios providing examples of situations that can occur at any school and an action plan response to each scenario by following the duty of care policy guidelines. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 0 Introduction 2. 0 Background regarding the policy Part 1 -Document Analysis 3. 0 Duty of Care explanation 4. 0 Reasonable Care explanation 5. 0 Key points to note 6. 0 Part 2 -Action Plans 7. 0 Scenario 1 action plan response 8. 0 Scenario 2 action plan response 9. 0 Conclusion / Personal Reflection 0. 0 References 1. 0 Introduction As parents, the â€Å"Duty of Care† policy is more than likely decidedly foreign. From here many questions, no doubt will arise? Why did the Western Australian government put this in place for their Department of Education and Training? What significance does this document have towards my children, parents may also be thinking? So many thoughts and questions have no doubt once or twice crossed a parents mind. I am sure some may not even be aware of this documents existence. 2. Background regarding the policy Part 1 – Document Analysis To answer these imminent questions above, the significance of this report is to offer the Parents of Western Australian students attending primary and secondary schools, a further understanding. The Western Australian Government wrote the policy so that it would be implemented within the Department of Education WA and then handed down to all teachers. The document became effective on the 26/06/2007 and updated 02/08/2012. (Department of Education and Training, Western Australia (DETWA), 2012,1). As noted by the Department of Education and Training, Western Australia (2012,3)† this policy was created to ensure that all teaching staff, non teaching staff and volunteers know their legal responsibilities in ensuring reasonable care occurred to maintain the safety and wellbeing of all students whilst in their care and avoid acts that may result in injury. This policy is not just limited to within the school grounds but also outside school grounds, excursions and activities that fall under the care and guidance of school teachers, regardless of where the activity or lesson may occur. 3. 0 Duty of care explanation What is the Duty of Care? Newnham (2000, 2) describes the Duty of care as a legal concept that was put in place under the Common Law, and it is well established in education regulations. 4. 0 Reasonable Care explanation with key points to note What is Reasonable Care? The Department of Education and Training, Western Australia, (2012, 3) also describe reasonable care as a situation that will always vary according to the overall circumstances involved. Teachers are to assess the â€Å"reasonableness† of the level of care needed by noting the following probabilities that can interfere or affect the outcome of care. These probabilities are; * The school activity and its nature. * The environment upon which the activity will occur in, therefore the teacher must assess the risk, if any, involved. * Pre-existing medical conditions, like allergies, epilepsy, diabetes. * Ages and skills of the students. * Physical or Intellectual impairments Behavioural issues 5. 0 Key points to note There are some other key points that the Duty of Care policy would acknowledge. These include that a principal or teacher must ensure that all department employees must hold the necessary identification and qualifications required including non teaching staff. Also, volunteers and the like must also possess a working with children check card. The details of this policy and how this check can be completed is found via the following government website, http://www. checkwwc. wa. gov. au/checkwwc The importance of having such a policy is to protect both student and teacher and offer the teacher clear, concise guidelines on what â€Å"duty of care† is expected of teaching staff to reduce the chance of negligence and possible legal implications. A highly topical direct quote included below is from abstract, Newnham, (2000, 1) is particularly pertinent to this report and extremely beneficial to take note: â€Å"The law is increasing affecting the practice of education. The most likely reason a teacher or school will face legal action is in negligence where a student has been injured while under the school’s protection. This may occur in a variety of settings. To satisfy the elements of the tort of negligence the student who becomes in law the plaintiff must prove that a duty of care was owed, that the duty was breached, by not maintaining the appropriate standard and that the injury was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of that breach of duty. It would be rare for a teacher to face criminal charges but it could happen if a teacher had an intention to harm or acted recklessly. † (Newnham 2000, 1) The policy document also offers guidelines for parents and caregivers and their responsibilities for their children before and after school care time slots and whilst on school grounds. This will clearly advise the parent / caregiver the times for when their children will and will not be supervised and offer a guide as to whether the student is protected or not under the school’s duty of care policy. 6. 0 Part 2 – Action Plans Below are action plans that a teacher in the following scenarios could note and introduce to ensure that the teacher is consistently adhering to the Western Australian Government and the Department of Education Training’s, Duty of Care Policy. 7. 0 Scenario 1 Action Plan A student is consistently interrupting other students during a classroom lesson. In dealing with this student’s interruptions, the teacher sends the student out of the classroom for ‘timeout’. The teacher tells the student to wait outside the classroom door until asked to return to the room. This reprimanded student is no longer in the teacher’s view. The scenario above notes that the teacher involved has not exercised her duty of care and could be seen to be negligent as the student was no longer in the teachers view. As per notes from Newnham, (2000,46) the teacher has a duty of care to ensure that they are providing adequate supervision and no longer being in view is detrimental to this. The teacher was no doubt disappointed in the student and his associated behaviour but asking the student to leave for timeout could have been handled in a more appropriate way. As per the teachers duty of care policy (Department of Education and Training, Western Australia, 2012, 3) the teacher needed to provide a suitable disciplinary action that ensured the student remained in full view. Otherwise by no longer being in view, the student could have harmed or injured, himself and the teacher would possibly be held responsible for not following the act of reasonable care and therefore classed as being negligent. The teacher could have opted for a variety of disciplinary actions from as painless as giving the timeout punishment and asking the student to remain in the far corner of the classroom until notified or the teacher could have phoned the principal’s office and asked that the principal come and escort the student to the office to remain in timeout whilst in a supervised environment. 8. 0 Scenario 2 Action Plan A first year student teacher accompanies a supervising teacher out on duty at lunch time. While on playground duty, an incident occurs that requires the supervising teacher to accompany a student to the administration block, which is not within the supervision area. The supervising teacher asks the student teacher to remain on duty for her as she tends to the dilemma. This would mean the student teacher would be the only teacher supervising the designated play area at this time. Firstly Newhman, (2000, 49) notes that if the incident was indeed severe enough, ensure that the nature of the incident was documented. Other details that would need to be included in the incident report would be with who was present at the time in the events leading up to and when taking place. This will ensure that if further issue is raised, the teacher can be at ease that they have completed the right steps to ensure that negligence did not take place. Secondly, under the Duty of Care policy (Department of Education and Training, Western Australia, 2012, 3) the teacher should have clarified with the student teacher if they were comfortable to be left to undertake the primary care of the remaining students and be given the right to refuse. If refused, the student teacher would have been best to escort the student to the administration block or even more so the student teacher could have quickly alerted another teacher to come and assist the situation at hand and escort the student or takeover the supervisory role. 9. 0Conclusion Personal Reflection Whilst reading through the DETWA Duty of Care Policy for Students, I was certainly not aware of the importance of one component of the policy document. The component I was not aware of was that as a teacher, I should be ensuring that any student teacher, non teaching staff or volunteer who may assist in my classroom, has the right to refuse the role of undertaking primary care of the students. If I had to leave the classroom or area where the class was being conducted, I must first ask this pertinent question of â€Å"Are you comfortable if I leave the room for said period of time? † This question was simply was not something that I gave much thought to. When I thought about this more, I realised it actually is common courtesy, to simply, ask first and then I will ensure the level of comfort of the other person helping is ascertained. I know that this element of the Duty of Care policy will be something I personally will take on board and remember to use within my classroom. In summary, the Western Australian Government’s, Duty of Care policy is undoubtedly a particularly crucial document. It’s a crucial document that all Western Australian Teacher’s who are employed within the Department of Education Training, need to follow. As I ecome a teacher, this policy is simply another tool that I as a teacher, must concur with and abide by at all times, whilst the students are under my care. A Student’s safety is one of the most respected trusts that a caregiver / parent will ask of me as their child’s teacher. To ensure that I do not lose that vital trust placed in me, it will be essential that I follow these set guidelines from this document. I should also consistently using common sense, adhere to school policy and I then should never have to be concerned with the legalities of negligence and that my students should always be cared for well. Word count 1744) 10. 0 References The Government of Western Australia, (2012) Department of Education Training: Duty of Care for Students. Western Australia: Retrieved from http://det. wa. edu. au/policies/detcms/policy-planning-and-accountability/policies-framework/policies/duty-of-care-for-students Department of child protection, (2008) Working with children check: Retrieved from http://www. checkwwc. wa. gov. au/checkwwc Newnham, Helen (2000) â€Å"When is a teacher or school liable in negligence? † Australian Journal of Teacher Education: Vol. 25: Iss. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://ro. ecu. edu. au/ajte/vol25/iss1/5 How to cite Wa Student Duty of Care Policy, Essays

Summary Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes Essay Example

Summary Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes Essay Johnson, Scholes Whittington – Exploring Strategy, text and cases Chapter 1 – Introducing Strategy Defining strategy Strategy is about the key issues for the future of organizations, or in other words, the long term direction for an organization. The description of strategy in the book has two advantages: 1. It can include deliberate, logical strategy and incremental, emergent patterns of strategy; 2. It can lay the focus on differences and competition as well as on recognizing the roles of cooperation and imitation. The long term: As strategies are often measured over years or even decennia, the importance of strategy is big. This can be easily explained in the ‘Three Horizons Framework’. The Three Horizons Framework is a figure which aims for a company to excist out of three businesses or activities, these are defined by horizons. (figure 1) Horizon 1: Basically the current core activities of a company. Horizon 2: Where companies are creating new possibilities to gain profit. Figure 1. The three horizons framework Horizon 3: Were a company create viable options, where nothing is sure. For example, research and development project and start-up ventures. Cannot predict what is coming. In short it can be said that companies should focus on the long term strategy instead of only on the short term issues. The strategic direction: Strategies follow always a kind of path or pattern. Therefore, strategies are set according to long term objectives. Most of the times, the objectives are set in order to increase maximum profit for the stakeholders. The organization: Organizations involve different, complex relationships with shareholders. These are internal as well as external. * Management is a critical factor in establishing and implementing a strategy. Levels of strategy We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are three levels of strategy 1. Corporate level strategy: Has to do with the overall scope of the company and how value is added to the whole organization. 2. Business level strategy: How a company should compete in its specific market. Also called a competitive strategy. 3. Operational strategies: is about how different units of a company implements the business and corporate strategy with regard to the resources, processes and people. Defintions Strategy statement: is the summary of the strategy, should be short. Also it should consist of parts such as: goals, scope, activities and advantages. Scope: Consists of customers or clients; geographical location; extent of internal activities (vertical integration) Advantage: How the company will achieve the objectives which are set for itself in the chosen domain. Mission: What do we want to be. Vision:How do we want to achieve this. Objectives:What do we have to achieve in the coming period. Branches of strategy: There are three main braches: 1. Strategy context: Internal and external context of organizations. Researches the industry analysis, cultural analysi and the resource-based view. 2. Strategy content: Concerns content of different strategies and their level of success. Researches the choices and performances of different strategies. 3. Strategy process: studies how strategies are formed and implemented. Researches the strategic planning, choices and changes and strategy-as-practice. * Studying strategy involves different kinds of perspectives, such as psychological, social and economic views. The exploring strategy model: This model examines the understanding of the strategic position of a company (the context); assessing the strategic choices for the future (the content) and manages strategy in action (process). The strategic position: Concerned with the impact of strategy of the external environment, the company’s strategic capability, the goals of the company and the companies culture. 1. The environment: is mainly focusing on opportunities and threats which are available in the environment where the company is operating in. 2. Strategic capability: is made up about a companies resources, such as machines. Its competences are for example technical and managerial skills. 3. Strategic purpose: each company has its own mission, vision and objectives. What they are mainly focusing on is what a company wants to achieve in the future. . Culture: Organizational cultures might be important for a company, as it can influence the strategy. Therefore, it is important to know how a culture can shape strategy. The strategic choices: Examines the options in terms of direction (in which the strategy might move) and the methods (which the strategy might persue). 1. Business strategy: also called competitive strategy. How a company seeks to compete against other companies. 2. Corporate strategy diversification: the portfolio scope, or in other words, which businesses should be included in this portfolio. Diversification in mainly about the range of products and markets. 3. International strategy: form of differentiation and in which international markets a company could compete. challenging. 4. Innovation entrepreneurship: in order to survive, a company might want to be innovative at all times. Entrepreneurship, or any form of it, is therefore also a kind of innovation. 5. Acquisition alliances: Mainly about extending a company and in which way this should be implemented. By buying another company, ally or to go it solely. The strategy in action: How a strategy is formed and applied. 1. Strategic evaluation: When strategic options have been set it is important to see if they are relevant. Consequently, several factors should be kept in mind, such as, suitability, acceptability and feasibility. 2. Strategic development process: what kind of planning process should a company have. 3. Organizing: When a strategy is set, organization is fundamental in order to implement it. 4. Leadership and strategic change: Managing involves leadership and change. This is important as we live in a dynamic world. 5. Strategic practice: Who does what in the strategic process. * Issues regarding the exploring strategy model: Small companies Multinational corporations Public sectors and not-for-profits companies The strategy lenses Ways of looking at strategic issues differently in order to generate many insights. * Strategy as design: planning and analyzing * Strategy as experience: Strategy influenced by experience of managers * Strategy as variety:Initiatives, diversity and new options * Strategy as discourse: * The lenses encourages the exploration of different perspectives.