The R Assessment Is An Early Childhood Environment Rating...

The ECERS-R assessment is an early childhood environment rating scale that assesses group programs serving children ages two through five. The assessment incorporates seven categories that focus on the various interactions that take place within a classroom setting. They include interactions with environment, teachers, parents, and other children. The ECERS-R emphasizes the inclusion of children with disabilities and cultural diversity. For this assessment, the chosen facility is the Cornerstone Center for Early Learning. This facility serves children six weeks to five years old, but in this assessment, the designated classroom only included children ages three to five. The funding for this facility includes a mixture of parent contribution and three government programs that include USDA, Head Start, and State Tuition Assistance. Cornerstone is a private facility due to its tuition costs and parent contribution. The teaching philosophy of this facility is to enhance the potential of each child through a higher level of care. After completing the assessment, a predetermined formula calculated a final score for each subunit. The category on Space and Furnishings received a final score of 6.13, due to the facilities well organized and usable spaces. This category received high marks on most of the subunits. One strength within this section includes the warm and inviting classroom, along with its designated spaces. The classroom included areas for reading, blocks, art,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Childcare On Children s Social And Cognitive Development2900 Words   |  12 Pagesextremely inadequate. Do these early childcare centers have a long-term impact on a child’s social or cognitive development? And if so, what is impacting them? Is it a positive or negative impact? These questions in particular are ones that lack research, and the authors from the following two articles set out to find some answers. Child-Care Quality and Children’s Social Development Summary In 1987, Phillips, McCartney and Scarr studied the influence that childcare environments had on children’s socialRead MoreMajor Connections Between Young Children s Development And Learning And Their Later Attainment And School Achievement1554 Words   |  7 Pageswell-nourished; thoughtful of other’s emotions; and able to communicate their needs verbally, follow instructions, be attentive, take turns, and share. Today, the meaning of school readiness has grown and taken on new status. Most states have established early learning guidelines to determine children’s â€Å"readiness† for kindergarten. Head Start developed a readiness outcomes framework for children 3-5 years old to guide programmatic curriculum decisions (U.S Department of Health Human Services, 2010).Read MoreNonparental Child Care and Its Impact on Child Development1382 Words   |  6 Pagesnurturing children, and promoting continuing professional growth† (Berns, 2010, pg. 166). In home care by a relative, friend or nanny can offer the parents a solution to child care needs while providing an easier transition for the child in a familiar environment. Child care provided in the home of an independent caregiver is also an option for parents seeking care for their children while they work. â€Å"The Family Day Care Service is a more formalized version of the conventional nanny and baby-sitting services†Read MoreChild Abuse And Domestic Abuse1636 Words   |  7 PagesHerrenkohl, Sousa, Tajima, R. Herrenkohl, and Russo (2010) look at the relationship between those who were exposed to either child abuse, domestic abuse, or both and the outcome of aggressive adolescents. Families were first assessed when children were in preschool, eighteen months to six years old. The second data collection occurred when the children were eight to eleven years old. The final assessment occurred when the children were fourteen to twenty three years old. Assessments included searching officialRead MoreResearch Justification : Autism Spectrum Disorder2435 Words   |  10 Pagesgrammatical errors during conversations, repeating sentences or mute, repetitive routines, isolated skills, serious mindedness and named them as â€Å"early infantile Autism† (derived from the Greek word autos meaning ‘Self’) (Kanner, 1943, Wing, 1997, KITA and HOSOKAWA, 2011) . In the same year Dr. Hans Asperger submitted his thesis titled â€Å"Autistic psychopathy in childhood† which was published the following year in 1944 (Lyons and Fitzgerald, 2007). He observed a group of four children who had excellent memoriesRead MoreRelationship Between Child Development And Early Child Care3681 Words   |  15 PagesAbstract Over the past several years, researches have study the relationship between child development, early child care, and the importance of early children’s experiences. Although researchers have found that most children in day care don’t suffer from the experience, recent research suggest that child care hours is related with externalized behaviors. Child care has demonstrated to be a predictor in a child’s academic success later in life. High quality child care predicts higher vocabularyRead MoreReactive Attachment Disorder4031 Words   |  17 PagesA Research on Reactive Attachment Disorder of Early Childhood Yolanda Ashton Liberty University Abstract This paper explores the psychological disorder known as Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). It will investigate how a child diagnosed with RAD will have an inefficient connection with his or her caregiver during an early age. RAD is considered a serious disorder which affects infant and young children who have difficultiesRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1952 Words   |  8 Pagesthere is concern with the validity of behavior rating scales because most screening tools correlate the behaviors of African-American boys and girls with ADHD behaviors twice as much as other ethnic groups (pp. 372-374). With that being said, Miller et al. (2008) states that behaviors such as aggression, tantrums, and antisocial behavior frequently co-occur with ADHD. The finding from these studies lead to questions about the reliability of behavioral scales and the classification of ADHD symptoms. CatherineRead MoreWhat Are the Effects of Adhd in the Classroom?5060 Words   |   21 Pagesthey will turn to teachers for guidance and help. ADHD can drastically affect childrens development at school, not only their work but also their social progress and the relationships that they have with teachers and their peers. If not identified early, long-term problems can lead to poor educational achievement and social seclusion. For these reasons, it is crucial that teachers know about the disorder and are able to offer proper support to children in their classes and guidance to parents, asRead MoreThe Erikson s Human Development Theory2149 Words   |  9 Pagesattachment style. The aim of the following essay is to evaluate whether the influence of early attachment style carried over to the later life continuously. The continuity of attachment style is a controversial topic in the field of developmental psychology. Numerous of early studies examined the factors that could influence the infant attachment style. Bowlby’s theory suggested that primary caregiver shaped the infant’s early relationship experience, the process was continuous, infant might eventually build

The Prison Industrial Complex Signifies A Criminal...

The ‘Prison Industrial Complex’ signifies a criminal justice system in America that has been significantly changed during the advance development over the last 30 years with further focus on the interests of the private sector in the crime industry (Wood, 2003). The Prison Industrial Complex (PIC) articulates the interests that use criminalisation, policing, surveillance and imprisonment as a solution to the social, economical and political issues of the society (Wood, 2003). Criminalisation, a process through which certain actions/behaviour becomes illegal, is a main component of the PIC (Gordon, 1999). Actions and behaviour only becomes ‘crime’ after it has been legally (or sometimes culturally) labelled (Gordon, 1999). This also occurs when the enforcers of the law target certain groups within society for power and control. An example of criminalisation of a specific group in society is the target of homeless people where the state attempts to control homeless people through making legal policies that stretch from sleeping in public spaces to making informal trading for some income on the streets illegal, giving them grounds to be punished and either fined or incarcerated (Fooks Pantazis, 1999). Women who have substance abuse are criminalized through the new-implemented policies that could send them to jail or have a ban from being qualified for state benefits if doctors were to ever find evidence of drug use during their p regnancyShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Racial Discrimination1232 Words   |  5 Pagesour country has witnessed countless cases of police brutality. It has developed into a controversial topic between communities that have realized police cruelty have taken place in front of our homes. Deindustrialization is removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity can lead to more crimes when people are laid off. Officers are faced with many threatening situations daily compelling them to make split second decisions and either to expect the worst or hope for the best. Police officersRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Roles2518 Words   |  11 Pagesof the past, and in order for equality to be achieved, gender must be abolished. To understand the role of gender, one must understand the causes and origin of this notion. The idea of gender roles have dominated history ever since. Patriarchy, a system in which men have more authority over women, has made its way into society as a value that is constantly alluded to. According to Zinn, Sotelo, and Messner (2000), patriarchy has led to the â€Å"dualistic perspective of male privilege and female subordinationRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 PagesCORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION CHIVAS GOCELA DULGUIME, R.C I. INTRODUCTION PENOLOGY - the study of punishment of crime. - a branch of Criminology dealing with prison management, and the deterrence and reformatory treatment of criminals. SOURCES OF THE TERM PENOLOGY: a. Peno was derived from Greek word â€Å"piono† and from the Latin word â€Å"poena†, both terms mean punishment. b. Logy was from the Latin word â€Å"logos†, meaning science. c. Penology distinguish from Penitentiary Science- Penology dealsRead MoreThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 Pagescontested, as the status of an offender may matter less than the harm done by someone in a trusted occupational position. The term ‘crime is also contentious as many of the harmful activities of businesses or occupational groups are not subject to criminal law and punishment but to administrative or regulatory law and ‘penalties or ‘sanctions. Therefore, a region specific definition of White Collar Crime can be:-- â€Å"White Collar Crime is an illegal act or series of illegal act for achieving an illegalRead MoreSoc Test9122 Words   |  37 Pages_____, who was critical of the system of slavery, was a pioneering feminist. Answer Dorothy Smith Marianne Weber Harriet Martineau Emily Durkheim Patricia Wright Mills 10 points Question 2 This early sociologist helped to found the NAACP and was himself a prominent Black sociologist. Answer W.E.B. DuBois Booker T. Washington Jesse Martin Donald Black Read MoreAn Analysis of Terrorism Essay9824 Words   |  40 Pagesproblem DIPLOMACY. the work of keeping up relations between the governments of different countries; skill in dealing with others without causing bad feelings. DOD. Department of Justice INFAMY. evil reputation brought about by something grossly criminal, shocking, or brutal; an extreme and publicly known criminal or evil act OSAMA BIN LADEN. The leader of a terrorist group which is believe to be the man behind the bombing of the Word Trade Center. OUTRAGE. an act that violates acceptedRead MoreBusiness in Singapore30736 Words   |  123 PagesExchange Control BUSINESS AND RESIDENTIAL PREMISES - Office Space - Typical Office Lease Terms - Industrial Space - Typical Industrial Lease Terms - Residential Accommodation - Foreigners Renting a Home - Foreigners Purchasing Private Property BUSINESS INSURANCE - Introduction - Globalisation Stages and Risk Issues - Singapore Insurance Market INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY - Copyright - Trademarks - Patents - Industrial Designs - Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights SINGAPORE INFO-COMM TECHNOLOGY LANDSCAPERead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagescountries Copyright  © 2003 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerningRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespublishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions DepartmentRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesRiver, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reprodu ction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department

History of Psychological Assessment Free Essays

Psychological assessment is considered one of the most important functions in applied psychology. In psychological assessment, the practitioner uses observation, interviews, and psychological tests to gain information about the client’s personality characteristics, symptoms, and problems in order to arrive at practical decisions about their behavior. In an assessment study, the practitioner identifies the main sources of clients’ problems and attempts to predict the likely course of events under various conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Psychological Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychological assessment is similar to psychological testing, but usually involves a more comprehensive assessment of the individual. Psychological assessment is a process that involves the integration of information from multiple sources, such as tests of normal and abnormal personality, tests of ability or intelligence, tests of interests or attitudes, as well as information from personal interviews (www. en. wikipedia. org). Psychological assessment refers to scientific methods psychologists often use to understand the human personality. When combined with information from interviews, observations, and other sources, assessments can help clients explore new and more effective ways of resolving human problems (Cantley, 2008, p. 1). History of psychological assessment The history of psychological and educational testing is a relatively short one, extending just more than 100 years. The term mental test was first used in print in 1890 by James McKeen Cattell (1890). This history is one in which necessity repeatedly begets innovation. Problems in the French schools, during a period that could be described as the advent of public ducation, where teachers first had to deal with larger class sizes comprising students with diverse backgrounds, encouraged Alfred Binet to construct what most individuals consider to be the first modem intelligence test. I use the term modem because it is reported that Chinese society around 2200 B. C. E. was a â€Å"test-dominated society† (Thorndike Lohman, 1990, p. 1). At that time in China, various civil service positions were distributed by means of formal assessments of the skills of various, privileged applicants (Geisinger, 2000, p. 117). Exploring my selected event On our â€Å"History of Psychological Assessment Paper†, there are four different events and I chose the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a widely used personality inventory intended to uncover a subject’s unconscious attitudes; the subject indicates agreement or disagreement with various statements and the results are scored in such a way as to assess personality. (Developed at the University of Minnesota). Historical Roots of MMPI  The original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was developed in 1939 (Groth Marnat, Handbook of Psychological Assessment, 2009) using an empirical keying approach, which means that the clinical scales were derived by selecting items that were endorsed by patients known to have been diagnosed with certain pathologies. The difference between this approach and other test development strategies used around that time was that it was atheoretical (not based on particular theory) and thus the initial test was not aligned with the prevailing psychodynamic theories of that time. The atheoretical approach to MMPI development ostensibly enabled the test to capture aspects of human psychopathology that were recognizable and meaningful despite changes in clinical theories. However because the MMPI scales were created based on a group with known psychopathologies, the scales themselves are not atheoretical by way of using the participants’ clinical diagnoses to determine the scales’ contents. Explain why the event is significant Why I think the event is significant because the MMPI-2 is most commonly used by mental health professionals to assess and diagnose mental illness. The MMPI-2 has been used in other fields outside of clinical psychology. The test is often used in legal cases, including criminal defense, and custody disputes. The test has also been used as screening instrument for certain professions, especially high risk jobs, although the use of MMPI in this manner has been controversial. The test is also used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment programs, including substance abuse programs is why I think that the even is important. How has MMPI affected the development of psychological testing in the 21st century? I do not think that MMPI will affect the development of psychological testing in the 21st century because Kaplan and Saccuzzo (2009) stated that, â€Å"In structured personality testing, the MMPI-2 appears destined to be the premier test of the 21st century. This favorable prediction for MMPI-2 is a turn-about from the 1982 prediction made in the first edition of this book. We had not anticipated the innovative approach of Butcher and colleagues in dealing with the original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory’s inadequate normative sample. Thus, future prospects for the MMPI-2 are indeed bright (p. 602). Summary Psychological assessment is one of the most important and complex activities undertaken by clinical psychologists. The goals of psychological assessment include describing the individual’s symptoms, identifying possible causes, evaluating the severity of the problem, and exploring the individual’s personal resources, which might be valuable in the decisions to be made. The future of psychological testing depends on many issues and developments. Professional issues include theoretical concerns, such as the usefulness of the trait concept as opposed to index of adjustment, the adequacy of tests, and actuarial versus clinical prediction. Moral issues include human rights such as the right to refuse testing, the right not to be labeled, and the right to privacy (Kaplan Saccuzzo, 2009, p. 603). How to cite History of Psychological Assessment, Essay examples

Tanna Coffee Television Advertisementâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: Explain On Tanna Coffee Television Advertisement? Answer: Introduction The study is focused on building a storyline for television commercial of Tanna Coffee in Australia. It can be said that the television commercials are responsible for building a connection with the audience and the brand. Without the connection, a brand cannot exist in the market. There is a difference between a memorable commercial and an effective commercial. The target of the study is to formulate a storyline for Tanna Coffee in its television commercials. Storyline for Tanna Coffee television advertisement A unique storyline will be formulated for Tanna Coffee. Modern commercials usually tell a story instead of focusing more on the product. The story will itself portray the importance of the product in the life of the characters of the commercial. The aim of the storyline of the commercial is to create a connection between the audience of the commercial and the product i.e. Tanna Coffee. The storyline of Tanna Coffee is based on the flavour of the fresh brewed grounded coffee on the life of a young adult who gets de-motivated and frustrated in his daily work life (Dowd 2013). By experiencing the aroma, flavour and taste of Tanna Coffee, the young person gains energy and proceed with his hobby i.e. painting. After certain period of time, he got success in the world of painting while achieving the dream of his life. The storyline will be illustrated in 60 seconds of time. Within this time, the message of the brand is illustrated without compromising the quality of the content of the adve rtisement (Greenfield 2014). Execution of the advertisement The advertisement team of the marketing department of the company will execute the advertisement of Tanna Coffee. The advertisement will be the continuation of the theme chosen by the earlier television commercial of the brand. The continuation will help the target audience to relate them in the message provided by the brand to the target customers. A company cannot change its theme in an advertisement in a same product. Since, the variant of the coffee is same, hence the theme or the brand tagline or slogan will be the same (Oscario, Sriherlambang and Akbar 2017). Only the way of illustration can be different that can be illustrated using a clear marketing strategy. Within 60 seconds of time, the storyline of the flavour of rich brewed grounded Tanna coffee changes the life if the young frustrated character while understanding his dreams and aspirations should be focused. The way of execution should be clear, crisp by putting emphasize on the visual techniques used by it in the tele vision channels like Television Blong Vanuatu and Komuniti Akses Media (Newcomb 2014). The advertisement will be broadcasted in the evening time between 7 to 10pm in the channels. The advertisement will be executed by following few steps such as slice of life, lifestyle, spokesperson, testimonial, product symbols, image, demon, musical or scientific approaches. However, it can be said that the techniques of spokesperson will be used in the advertisement. The celebrity chosen by the company will be the main character of the storyline created for Tanna Coffee. Tanna Coffee will execute the advertisement within the specific budget and it will be broadcasted by displaying the message of the brand to the viewers of the advertisement. The advertisement has a single character i.e. a young man who is frustrated of his regular life. In the background it is showed that the man has a passion of painting. The ambition of painting is there in the back of the mind. There is no dialogs in the advertisement. The whole advertisement concept is shown as a background memory recollection. After that, by drinking Tanna Coffee, one certain morning, the character realises that he should do with his passion so that in his old age he could not regret about the dreams of being a painter. The coffee is responsible for bringing energy of going with the passion rather than living a life which is not a choice of him. Conclusion It can be concluded that the unique storyline for the brand is formulated in order to increase the brand awareness among the target customers. The main aim of the television commercials is to reinforce the message of the brand in the minds of the target customers. The advertisement of Tanna Coffee will be executed in a way so that the target audience can remember its message for a long time. References Dowd, T., 2013.Storytelling across worlds. Focal Press. Greenfield, P.M., 2014.Mind and media: The effects of television, video games, and computers. Psychology Press. Newcomb, H. ed., 2014.Encyclopedia of television. Routledge. Oscario, A., Sriherlambang, B. and Akbar, A., 2017. Building a Positive Brand Image Through Advertisement.Advanced Science Letters,23(1), pp.207-2

Douglas McGregors Theory X and Y

The Presidents Cabinet - Agencies and Secretaries

The Presidents Cabinet - Agencies and Secretaries Clearly one of the most popular homework assignments in America Name the presidents Cabinet. The Cabinet-level departments are listed here in order of presidential succession. Department of State Secretary of State:  Mike PompeoWeb Address: state.gov/ Department of Treasury Secretary of the Treasury:  Steven MnuchinWeb Address: ustreas.gov/ Department of Defense Secretary of Defense: Dr. Mark T. EsperWeb Address: defenselink.mil/ Department of Justice Attorney General  William P. BarrWeb Address: usdoj.gov/ Department of Interior Acting Secretary of the Interior David BernhardtWeb Address: doi.gov/ Department of Agriculture (USDA) Secretary of Agriculture:  Sonny  Perdue IIIWeb Address: usda.gov/ Department of Commerce Secretary of Commerce:  Wilbur L. Ross, Jr.Web Address: commerce.gov/ Department of Labor Secretary of Labor:  Deputy Secretary of Labor Patrick PizzellaWeb Address: dol.gov/ Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary of Health and Human Services:  Alex AzarWeb Address: hhs.gov/ Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Secretary of Housing and Urban Development:Ben CarsonWeb Address: hud.gov/ Department of Transportation (DOT) Secretary of Transportation:  Elaine ChaoWeb Address: dot.gov/ Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary of Energy:  Rick PerryWeb Address: doe.gov/ Department of Education Secretary of Education: Betsy DeVosWeb Address: ed.gov/ Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Acting VA Secretary Robert WilkieWeb Address: va.gov/ Department of Homeland Security Secretary of Homeland Security (Acting Secretary Kevin McAleenan)Web Address: dhs.gov/ Note: While not officially part of the Cabinet, the following positions currently have Cabinet-rank status:White House Chief of StaffAdministrator of the Environmental Protection AgencyDirector of the Office of Management BudgetUnited States Trade RepresentativeUnited States Ambassador to the United NationsChairman of the Council of Economic AdvisersAdministrator of the Small Business Administration More About the Cabinet Why is it called cabinet? When did it first meet? How much do the secretaries make, who picks them and how long do they serve?

E-marketing Business Plan for GlassInfinity Essay

E-marketing Business Plan for GlassInfinity - Essay Example With the unique nature of this product design, there is the further recognition that Glass Infinity must develop a strong e-marketing business plan. The following constitutes a strategic e-marketing plan to increase online sales, social media awareness, and online advertising reach. The first part of the advertising strategy aimed to increase the product’s social media awareness. While social media are often recognized as constituting a phenomenon for youth culture, research has demonstrated that adults increasingly engage in social networking Lennon & Curran (2012). Lennon & Curran (2012) examined social network users among individuals over 50. This research revealed that these individuals primarily engage in social media as a means of enjoyment. This is contrasted with younger audiences who more fully implement the functional characteristics of these platforms. Today’s most prominent social networking platforms are Facebook and Google’s own Google Plus. ... In this way, the company would develop a platform that individuals could quickly download to their networking account. This platform would use Google Maps and Project Glass to allow individuals to explore major land areas and actually meet up with other people from their friend’s list. The individuals then could post some of their findings to their social networking wall, indicating that they met at a major landmark using Project Infinity. For instance, two people could choose to explore downtown Paris with the interactive eye-wear. As the messages about meet-ups are posted to the online wall, other participants will be encouraged to join, ultimately leading to the real world purchase of this interactive eye-wear. The second part of the strategy aimed to increase the product’s advertising reach. Because of Google’s unique position as the Internet’s primary search engine, this strategic report recognizes that the company can leverage its position in this re alm to promote the product’s advertising reach. In increasing advertising reach, this report recommends that Google consider giving Glass Infinity privileged spots in search engine searches. In addition to leveraging search engine optimization (SEO), this report considers that the company should implement unique methods of advertising. One prominent method that is supported by recent research is blogging. Balaque & Valck (2013) indicates that blogging is an effective tool for expanding advertising outreach when it is implemented in controlled contexts. Goldsmith (1999) considered that high credibility spokespeople markedly improve customer’s belief in the specific product. Rather than targeting one or two celebrities, this

Women legal rights in Law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women legal rights in Law - Term Paper Example In most countries, women could not participate in political activities like their male partners. In the wake of the twenty century, many groups emerged to fight and popularize the rights of women in the world. The groups concentrated mainly on the promotion of human rights and focused on the development agenda. Many women enslaved by the ancient laws came out publicly to demand their rights. Nowadays, women go to schools, hold public offices, and operate banks accounts in their own names. According to Janet (2002), women were treated differently; there were wide disparities as evidenced in arts, texts, and archeological records. Men were distinguished by the jobs they did and the positions they held in society. Women never worked; they depended on men whether they were married, single, or divorced. Women received names that lowered their authority in society. On then contrary, men had names that made them feel the importance and earned them respect. Women’s role comprised that of giving birth, but they could not make key decisions regarding the family. In the past, deformed children were murdered immediately after birth and the women had no chance to give their opinion on that issue. In the Roman Empire, the society was dominantly patriarchal; it favored men more than women. It is intriguing how the Islam treated their women. The religion of Islam relies on the teachings of Mohamed, which are documented in the holy Quran. The Quran states clearly that men and women  should be regarded as equal despite the gender differences. It states that women should respect their men, offer love, and gentleness. In Islam, women are highly regarded unlike other cultures that treat women as tools of sex. Some cultures have treated women as property to be inherited; in other cultures like the Chinese, women were buried together with their husbands. Women lived an honorable life, had the right to be

Educational Institutions and ProcessesMarginality Essay

Educational Institutions and ProcessesMarginality - Essay Example The societal structure is more concerned with such human elements as religion, demography, social structure and culture. In addition, the structure is also concerned with the connection between politics and economics with regard to group or individual access to resources. As such, the societal framework tends to stress on the consideration of those fundamental causes of inequality, exclusion, social injustice, as well as the spatial isolation of the populace (Brodwin, 2003). On the other hand, the spatial element of marginality is chiefly based on physical setting and space from centre of development, lying at the periphery of a poorly incorporated society (Larsen, 2002). With this notion, it is anticipated that an insight into the physical locations and space on individuals and groups livelihoods shall be gained.From these meanings, one can undoubtedly observe that marginality is a progression that emerges and evolves gradually in a variety of scales and types under geo-political and socio-economical settings. As such, marginality supports and replicates that state of marginalization to a large extent. It is worth noting that the interpretation of societal marginality stems from social conditions. The apparent disparities in a social institution such as a school will often be as a result of exclusion from the 'mainstream'. At this point, the state and scale of economic, social, and political inequalities linking the mainstream and the marginalized ought to be assessed from the perspective of legitimate and equitable access to decision making procedures and resources. By and large, educational marginality is often revealed by the underlying state of people. The state could as well be represented by such poor living options as a lack of opportunities, resources, and skills. Further, such a state can also be reflected by either a limited or reduced contribution in the making of public decisions, and low self esteem (Brodwin, 2003). In the educational institutions, marginalized students are normally stigmatized, singled out, ignored and mostly repressed on age, gender, culture, race, ethnicity, religion, occupation, economy, and education basis by the mainstream (Larsen, 2002). Marginalized groups in existing schools situations McCready (2004) has suggested a multidimensional structure that considers the multiple forms and differences of oppression , with a view to understanding and suggesting possible options for gay as well as for the gender non-conforming African American male students attending urban schools. The author has indicated that such students experience a certain kind of marginalization, and which is almost recognized by almost everybody who knows about the sexual orientation of this group. In addition, the author has also indicated that in a majority of the cases, such gay students have feelings that they are usually being marginalized by the mainstream society in school. The sad situation that this book brings out is that in certain instances, such students will normally experience marginalization, yet they fail to admit it. It has often been argued that from a school perspective, marginalization tends to be a multifaceted and complex process. For this reason, it is important that the

Evaluating Effectiveness of Performance Management System

Evaluating Effectiveness of Performance Management System INTRODUCTION Performance management can be explained as the measures or systems put in place to ensure that the organization and all its subsystems i.e. departments, processes, teams, employees, etc. are working together in an optimum way towards achieving their goals and the results desired by the organization (Jackson, 1999:143). This field can be broken down into two components; one looks at the performance of a company as a whole evaluating the effectiveness of top management in reaching company goals while the other is a system of evaluating employees to help them reach goals that help them develop and ensure the company performs better. This paper will look at the later type of performance management. Performance management of individual employees involves setting of goals, planning work, giving feedbacks and reviews, providing opportunities for improvement and appraisal systems for well performing employees (Scullen, Bergey. Smith, 2005:28). This paper will focus on the case study, Perfor mance management at Network Solutions Inc. to give an informed review of performance management systems and their effectiveness. This will be achieved by providing detailed responses to four critical thinking questions emanating from the case study. It will begin by giving a review of the case study and proceed to evaluate the questions presented. REVIEW OF THE CASE STUDY The necessity of performance management system Network Solutions Inc. had been using more that 50 different systems of performance measurement in the company. Despite this huge number of systems, it was found that many employees did not receive a review, fewer than 5% of all employees received the lowest category of rating, and there was no recognition program in place to reward high achievers (Aguinis, 2009: 19). There was clear indication that the employee performance management systems that were coming at a high cost were ineffective in addressing the required issues. Being in the business of computer hardware and software, the company found that quality initiatives were driving change in a wide area of the company. It was therefore decided that such quality initiatives could be applied to improve people quality. Further, it was seen that linking each employees goal to the organizational goals would greatly help the company in achieving its objectives (Aguinis, 2009: 21). How the system works Due to the above mentioned needs, the company decided to adopt a forced distribution management system in which each employee would be classified into a category depending on comparative performance e.g. a rating of 1 to the top 20% of performers; a rating of 2 to the middle 70% of performers; and a rating of 3 to the bottom 10% of performers (Aguinis, 2009: 24). This system would be implemented by a global cross-divisional Human Resource team. Their plan was to begin by showing that business goals would be easily met by carrying down organizational strategy to team contributions which are translated to individual goals. This system would raise the bar on the companys performance management by focusing on the development of all employees. This would result into raised performance for all employees, talent identification and retention, and improvement of performance expectations for all employees. Company support To effectively manage this system, the team sought support from the companies top managers who were required to remain committed to the plan. They were required to stop using any other system of performance management and ensure that top leaders understood and accepted it. They were required to engage employees in talent management training in line with the new system. The result of the plan is a performance management system that revolves around a joint year round responsibility of employees and managers developing the planning phase of the system (Aguinis, 2009: 21). Managers schedule meetings which are prepared and finalized by the employees. Lowly rated employees are given time for performance improvement after which depending on their performance they could leave the company or continue with the plan. Average and best performers are given appraisals in form of salary increases, stock options and bonuses depending on the level of performance. The next part will use four questions to evaluate how the system at Network Solutions. compares with the ideal performance management system and give an assessment of its advantages, disadvantages and expected outcomes. OVERLAP BETWEEN NETWORK SOLUTIONS SYSTEM AND AN IDEAL SYSTEM Question 1: Overall, what is the overlap between Network Solutions system and an ideal system? To answer this question, this section will look at the extent to which the performance management system at Network Solutions corresponds with the ideal system. It will look at the process that it follows in terms of phases. Phase 1 Â ­- Performance planning. This is the stage where managers in the firm meet with the employees for discussion on the planning of the performance appraisal process. They define the behaviours and competencies expected of the employees and there is statement on what the person will achieve in the next twelve months. These goals are closely linked to the individuals development plans. As such, the manager automatically earns the right to hold the employees accountable at the end of the year (Simmons, 2002:86). Network Solutions have exhibited this phase by calling on all the senior managers to implement such measures. Phase 2 Employee Performance Execution This is the phase where employees display the actual performance that is subject to evaluation at the end of the year (Winstanley Stuart-Smith, 1996:66). Network Solutions displays this phase which is in accordance to the ideal system where there is a performance period of one year. In this period there are regular meetings to assess progress like they do at the company. The meetings are planned by the managers in conjunction with the employers who carry out the actual execution of the developments. In the meetings there is seeking of guidance and feedback in various issues (Rector Kleiner, 2002: 43). Phase 3 Employee Performance Assessment Senior managers assess how the employees in their departments have undertaken their duties and how much of their objectives they have fulfilled. They fill the various forms and paperwork intended for these purpose and forward them to the relevant team in readiness for individual appraisals based on performance (Molleman Timmerman, 2003: 95). At Network Solutions, the assessment is comparative with the rating being based on the performance level, e.g. a rating of 1 for the top 20% of performers, 2 for the middle 70% and 3 for the bottom 10% Phase 4 Employee Performance Review In this stage, the employee performers appraisal form that was prepared by the manager is reviewed together with the individuals self appraisal (Lawler McDermott, 2003:56). There is an honest assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, successes and areas needing improvement in the past twelve months. It is at this stage that the course of action to be taken in the next year is decided. In the case of Network Solutions, a low performer would consult with the managers to decide on the modalities of the performance improvement plan. From this assessment, it is clear that the performance management system at network Solutions overlap with the ideal system as has been demonstrated in the timeline approach taken. FEATURES IN THE SYSTEM Question 2: What are the features of the system implemented at Network Solutions that correspond to what was described in the chapter as ideal characteristics? Which of the ideal characteristics are missing? For which of the ideal characteristics do we need additional information to evaluate whether they are part of the system at Network Solutions? To supply an answer to this question, the paper will identify the aspects that are characteristic of the ideal performance system and for each identify if it is present or lacking in the Network Solutions system. Standardization: The ideal performance management system requires that the aspects of performance measured are uniform and there is a constant level of strictness (Scullen, Bergey and Smith, 2005: 27). This is meant to ensure that employees do not lack faith in their mangers and the system that might result from variations. The system at Network Solutions exhibits this aspect when the team ensures that the managers drop the previous systems and they offer training so that they can understand and apply it uniformly. Validity and conciseness: this means that the performance management system only measures what is valid at hand. The evaluation criterion therefore makes sure that employees are evaluated only in issue that regard their line of work (DeCenzo and Robbins, 2010: 214). In this case, the team of performance managers ensures that this is done by asking senior leaders to tailor new programmes applicable in their divisions. Hence the evaluation procedure in say the HR department is not the same as that in a technical field. Due process: this means that there are set guidelines that determine how measures are taken after the evaluation. In the case of network solutions, employees who are lowly rated are a given a specified time period to improve their performance (Fisher, 1995:55). If they do not improve, they can choose to leave the company with a severance package or take up a performance improvement plan. If this does not improve their performance they leave without a severance package. There is also set guidelines that dictate the appraisal of good performers with high salary increases, stock options and bonuses. ANTICIPATED RESULTS FROM IMPLIMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM Question 3: Based on the description of the system at Network Solutions, what do you anticipate will be some advantages and positive outcomes resulting from the implementation of the system? The real value purpose of employee performance appraisal in the organization is not only to transform the management of employee performance from an annual event to an ongoing cycle but also to harmonize the organizational goals with those of member employees (Cardy, 2004:128). The performance management system that the company adopts is fully geared to achieve this end. The systems will therefore yield immense advantages and positive outcomes. These will include the following: Goal setting: the system helps employees understand the link between their responsibilities and the overall objectives of the organization. The habit of goal setting is inculcated in both the managers and employees. This results into greater efficiency and provides a good tool of analysis (Luecke Hall, 2005:100). Communication: the system that the company adopts will encourage good communication between managers and employees. The communication about work performance creates a sense of security for the employees and helps the company in retention efforts. It provides ample time for all employees to learn and grow throughout the year. This fosters an organizational culture (). Motivation: the appraisal system acts as tool of motivation since employee rewards are tied directly to performance. This enhances the companys productivity and efficiency. Employees who know that their presence and contribution is valued may feel more committed to the job and the organization as a whole (Pulakos, 2009: 212). POSSIBLE DISADVANTAGES AND NEGATIVE OUTCOMES Question 4: Based on the description of the system at Network Solutions, what doe you anticipate will be some disadvantages and negative outcomes resulting from the implementation of the system? The following are the possible disadvantages associated with this system of management performance: Risk of Internal Competition: this system might encourage employees to compete with each other for job status, position and pay (Molleman Timmerman, 2003: 101). Teams might be broken down by backstabbing and misleading employee communication due to strong rivalry which would result to dysfunction and underperformance within the team. Expenses and time: this system requires that employees are given rigorous training to equip employees with skills as required by the plan. This requires the use of extra resources and time in the extensive training, retraining and career development workshop for every division and employee division (Scullen, Bergey and Smith, 2005: 34) Favoritism: due to the rating of employees, there emerges individuals who are viewed as key and they are increasingly entrusted with new job roles and duties as team leaders. This creates dissent and distrust among the team members which might adversely affect the morale and satisfaction ((Luecke Hall, 2005:108).

Great Gatsby :: essays papers

Great Gatsby The great gatsby and the fall of the american dream. The book 'The Great Gatsby' by F. Scott Fitzgerald was an 'icon of its time.' The book discusses topics that were important, controversial and interesting back in 1920's America. The novel is 'an exploration of the American Dream as it exists in a corrupt period of history.' The main themes in the book are the decay of morals and values and the frustration of a 'modern' society. The Great Gatsby describes the decay of the American Dream and the want for money and materialism. This novel also describes the gap between the rich and the poor (Gatsby and the Wilsons, West Egg and the Valley of the Ashes) by comparing the differences between the Western United States (traditional western culture) and the Eastern United States (money obsessed values). On a smaller scale this could be seen as the difference between the West Egg (the 'new, money) and the East egg (the 'old' money). The 1920's were a time of corruption and the degradation of moral values for the United States and many other countries. World War One had just ended and people were reveling in the materialism that came with the end of it, new mass produced commodities such as motor cars and radios were filling people's driveways and houses, money was more accessible (before the Great Depression). Cars were becoming a social symbol in the 1920s as we can see with Gatsby's five cars, one of which he gives to Nick and one of which kills Myrtle Wilson later on in the novel. Herbert Hoover (an American President) said in 1925 "We will root out poverty and put two cars in every garage." The parties that Gatsby held every week in the summer were a symbol of the carelessness of the time. Gatsby would hide in the house while the 'guests', most of whom were not even invited, would party, eat and drink until the early hours of the morning without even meeting the guest or even knowing who he was. People would turn up just to be seen or reported in the local newspapers "In his blue garden people came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne." This shows the carelessness of the guests. Another quote about the parties refers to the way the guests devour the endless supply of food and never give a thought as to who gave it to them. "Every Friday five crates of oranges and Lemons arrived from a fruiterer In New York- Every Monday these same oranges

Literature in the Trash Essay

Society has almost forgotten how to appreciate literature. These are the themes of both Mario Vargas Llosa’s essay entitled, Why Literature, and Bob Swift’s On Reading Trash. Both writers believe that people nowadays are not delving into books because of misconceptions regarding reading. However, they have written their ideas using very different and contradictory approaches. Llosa’s belief is that people are so engrossed in their own worlds or professions to provide time for reading good literature. Society has learned the wrong notion that great books can only be read by those who can afford to devote time to it. Since work is the priority in most people’s schedules, literature has to be put aside. He also believes that this miserable state of literature in society is caused by the fast development of science and the other scholarly aspects of life. Llosa states that â€Å"in our time, science and technology cannot play an integrating role, precisely because of the infinite richness of knowledge and the speed of its evolution, which have led to specialization and its obscurities.† However, Llosa strongly feels that literature is a binding force that helps humans reconnect with each other through their experiences, dreams and ambitions. He writes that â€Å"the brotherly link that literature establishes among human beings, compelling them to enter into dialogue and making them conscious of a common origin and a common goal, transcends all temporal barriers.† His most controversial claim is that â€Å"genuine literature is always subversive, unsubmissive, rebellious, a challenge to what exists.† He simply wants to imply that good stories or readings usually depict a life that is much better than what reality has to offer. This normal characteristic of literature is a driving force that makes humanity attempt to copy the fictional worlds in books so as to live better lives. Bob Swift’s very brief essay, on the other hand, recounts how he has grown to love reading. His story does not directly point out society’s weaknesses but it is evident to the reader that he is attacking the wrong notion that appreciating literature is only for those who like classical readings. He clearly believes that children should be free to read even popular books (a.k.a. â€Å"trash†) because their appreciation for these simpler to understand books can lead them to love good classical literature. Although both writers are criticizing society for not reading enough, Llosa and Swift have written their essays in very different ways. Llosa used lengthy, descriptive sentences that can easily tire and lose the reader. His use of words that are not commonly heard in daily living can really be very boring to a young reader. Words like â€Å"solipsism† and â€Å"arcane† are deterrents in getting his message across. It might have been easier to understand these words if they were not part of such long sentences that seem to be saying more than just one message at a time. Swift was direct to the point and frank in every way. His use of brief but very concise words allowed the reader to quickly pick up his point. The hardest word in his essay seemed to be â€Å"omnivorous.† However, because the word was used in a very short sentence, it was easy to understand what it meant. Llosa’s approach encompassed the whole world. He even used Spain’s surveys to prove his point. Swift’s farthest distance to get his message across was the local library. Somehow, Llosa’s essay tends to be arrogant and cynical. Statements like â€Å"I feel sorry for these men† and â€Å"they earn my pity† forces the reader to look up to him and feel his judgmental tones. His sentences such as â€Å"When we close the book and abandon literary fiction, we return to actual existence and compare it to the splendid land that we just left. What a disappointment awaits us!† gives a peek to how negative this writer is about his surroundings. Although Llosa claims he loves literature, he delved too much on the subject of what hinders good literature from being read to the point that the reader does not feel the passion in his words. The author’s perspective dwelt so much on current and historical problems that it was inevitable for the reader to feel anxious throughout the essay. It seems he has alienated himself from the world because of literature. Swift’s love for reading is very much felt in every paragraph of his essay. His personal approach and overflowing description of his excitement when he is reading books was contagious. One cannot help but reach out for a story to read after finishing his essay. Swift’s very practical and positive outlook is evident in the way he has written his essay. His own theory that states â€Å"if you get kids interested in reading books – no matter what sort – they will eventually go to the grander literature all by them selves† shows how down to earth the author is. It also shows how much faith he has on beginning readers. Mario Vargas Llosa and Bob Swift both recognized that society’s misconception about literature is a problem that needs to be addressed. Their approaches to the subject provide clues to their own outlooks in life. Whichever approach may be preferred, it is still to a reader’s advantage to learn his lesson from these authors and read a good book soon.

Personality Analysis

Personality Analysis ity reveals much of who a person really is. Being able to know the strengths and weaknesses of an individual gives that certain person a chance to adjust himself to becoming an individual that he really wants to be that could likely affect not only himself but also that of the other individuals living around him.

The eNotes Blog Positive Development in Negative Spaces Anne Frank and PeterSchiff

Positive Development in Negative Spaces Anne Frank and PeterSchiff Despite her own fears as well as the horrors going on outside the crowded annexe where Anne Frank and her family were hiding from the Nazis, Anne, like many girls her age, was mooning over a boy.   His name was Peter Schiff and Anne recalls a poignant dream about him in one of her candid entries.   She writes: This morning I woke up just before seven and immediately remembered what Id been dreaming about. I was sitting on a chair and across from me was Peter Peter Schiff the dream was so vivid Peters eyes suddenly met mine and I stared for a long time into those velvety brown eyes. Then he said very softly: If only Id known Id have come to you long ago. I turned away abruptly, overcome by emotion. And then I felt a soft, oh-so-cool and gentle cheek against mine, and it felt so good, so good. On another date, Anne describes Peter so well we can almost see him: Peter was the ideal boy: tall, slim and good-looking, with a serious, quiet and intelligent face. He had dark hair, beautiful brown eyes, ruddy cheeks and a nicely pointed nose. I was crazy about his smile, which made him look so boyish and mischievous.† Anne would never know what became of her childhood sweetheart, but history tells the sad story.   Peter was imprisoned in two concentration camps, arriving first in   Bergen-Belsen, before he was transferred to Auschwitz, where it is known that he perished although the exact date is unclear. Like Anne, we, her readers, could only envision Peter in our heads.   This remained so for nearly sixty years, but in 2009, one of her classmates donated a picture of Peter to the Anne Frank House.   Here he is: It would have been lovely to know if this young love would have come to anything, if, as Anne hoped, they were able to consummate their desire.   Calling Peter by his pet name, Petel, Anne opines: Once, when Father and I were talking about sex, he said I was too young to understand that kind of desire. But I thought I did understand it, and now Im sure I do. Nothing is as dear to me now as my darling Petel!

Ludwig van Beethoven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ludwig van Beethoven - Essay Example He had health issues which eventually took his life when he caught a cold. He was passionate about his work and while he knew that he was going deaf, he wrote as much music as he could before losing his ability to hear. He was also known to be an excessive and impulsive person. He would also become angry at many of his supporters but he always makes amends. Important places of Beethoven’s history include Vienna, Cologne, and Bonn. There were many prestigious musicians who have influenced Beethoven. Including his father, Gottlob Neefe, and Prince Maximilian Franz who have all helped Beethoven become the legend he is. He made a living out of music but he still suffered from financial difficulties because of his nephew. Beethoven had played many concerts and he has even played compositions for Europe’s most powerful leaders. Beethoven is famous for his ability to create beautiful classical music that maximized the romanticism period. Musical Forms: Sonata form: Tempest Son ata Rondo form: Rondo Sonate Pathetique Scherzo: Symphony no. 9 Fugue: Gro?e Fuge

The Simulator-Manual Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Simulator-Manual Paper - Essay Example :   Ã‚   This is a sample experimental run file   Ã‚   Seed: 0  Ã‚   Algorithm: FCFS Group Processes First Arrival Interarrival Duration CPU Burst I/O Burst 1 8 2.0 constant 4.00 uniform 8.00 14.00 constant 10.00 constant 6.00 Experimental Runs For 1 Experiment Experiment Commentary Run Modifications myexp This experiment contains 1 run myrun_1 algorithm FCFS key First Come First Served Starting run from experiment myexp Tue Feb 21 05:07:29 EST 2012 Starting run from myrun_1 Starting to run events using FCFS 40 events done in 18 milliseconds Event List at Time 86.58 Process  Scheduling  Simulator version  1.100L288  by  S.  Robbins   supported  by  NSF  grants   DUE-9750953  and  DUE-9752165. ... 1  05:07:32  EST  2012 Event  list  size  is  0  at  86.58 Tue  Feb  21  05:07:33  EST  2012 Number  of  new  processes  0  at  time  86.58 Tue  Feb  21  05:07:34  EST  2012 Number  of  waiting  processes  0  at  time  86.58 Tue  Feb  21  05:07:36  EST  2012 Number  of  processes  8  at  time  86.58   ID  Ã‚  Ã‚  State  Ã‚  Ã‚  Started  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finished  In  CPU  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Used  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Total  Ã‚  Waiting   Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  done  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  43.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12.44  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12.44  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  22.66   Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  done  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  76.72  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13.62  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13.62  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  51.10   Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  done  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  31.52  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.52  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.52  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12.00   Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  done  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  40.66  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  17.52   Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  done  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  86.43  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10.42  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10.42  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  52.01   Ã‚  6  Ã‚  Ã‚  done  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  22.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  86.53  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  48.43   Ã‚  7  Ã‚  Ã‚  done  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  26.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  86.58  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10.05  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10.05  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  44.53   Ã‚  8  Ã‚  Ã‚  done  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  86.01  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.29  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.29  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  46.72 Tue  Feb  21  05:07:37  EST  2012 Number  of  ready  processes  0  at  time  86.58 Tue  Feb  21  05:07:38  EST  2012 Number  of  finished  processes  8  at  time  86.58   ID  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Started  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finished  Ã‚  CPU  Total   Ã‚  Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  31.52  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.52   Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  40.66  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.14   Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  43.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12.44   Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  76.72  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13.62   Ã‚  Ã‚  8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  86.01  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.29

Plan or review administrative systems Assignment

Plan or review administrative systems - Assignment Example Questions: What are processes and procedures? How important are they in a project. Explain the processes and procedures that are going to be used in this project. Include regulations on the use of the new system. iii. The system will be monitored weekly and a report prepared by each department. The report should indicate the usage of the database and identify the user. This report will be forwarded to the ICT department every Monday. The adoption of this system is a change process. Various considerations have to be made to ensure the success of the project. First, sensitization meetings will be held in each department to communicate the change and gather support, each employee will be required to participate. Through this, the project team will identify the expertise and training gaps in the employees. These are the ones to be addressed in the staff training process. Follow-up training needs will be done through monitoring as the system takes effect. Secondly, all the employees have to be involved in order to reduce resistance to change. Two-weekly meetings will be held to evaluate the process and address concerns. This meeting will be arranged and run by the project manager. The minutes for this meeting will have to be available to all staff by the next working day. A monthly newsletter will be prepared to show the exact nature of the progress (Brody, 2005, p. 243). Lastly, a confidential complaints and feedback system will have to be established in order to gather crucial information from the staff. This will help collect and investigate information that cannot be voiced during meetings. Since most personnel have only the basic computer literacy, the training will have to be done at all levels and inclusively. This helps to build teamwork for faster learning. The final date for tender submission will be on 6th January 2014. This

The Inglorious Bastards would make glorious movie stars Essay Example for Free

The Inglorious Bastards would make glorious movie stars Essay Nothing sells like a movie on the Holocaust, especially if the Jews win this time. The film tells of two separate plots to annihilate the Nazi Germany political leadership during the Second World War era. The plots are made by two completely different parties, whose plans eventually converge by the end of the movie as fate would have it. One party is a tribe of American-Jewish warriors with a strong desire to kill as many Nazis as they can. They go behind enemy lines and straight into a Nazi occupied territory in France to carry out this plan and de-scalp a hundred Nazi heads for each of them. The other party is a young lady who grew up hiding as a Frenchwoman after she survives the massacre of her Jewish family. She grew up seeking refuge in a cinema in Paris which eventually becomes the venue for the culmination of the movie, and of the seemingly undefeatable Third Reich. With the said plot of the film, one would expect that the setting of the film would be on a concentration camp or a depressed war zone. However, this film would go beyond what most war film goes for: Inglorious Bastards will not capitalize on state-of-the-art cinematic effects and the tension brought about by violence and dead, bloody bodies. While most war movies depict only the violence of war in combat zones, this film would shed light on what other war situations mostly ignored. The film would present the ironically quiet life of learning to live with the war in a Nazi-occupied territory of France, intermeshed with the regular routine of everyday life without the bomb explosions. What would build the tension would be the fear felt, as tangible as it could be, by the oppressed people inhabiting this area and living in a country thousands and miles away. Needless to say, the film would centralize on extreme patriotism, the fight for freedom, and yes, even the concept of revenge. The epic history of the Nazis’ hunt for the total obliteration of the Jews would never get old for moviegoers. For one, no other event in history could compare to what the Jews went through during the holocaust. The sufferings of colonized countries within hundreds of years of oppression would stale in comparison to the cruelty and injustice this particular race went through. Witnessing the triumph of a plot against the reigning tyrants presented on a silver screen would surely bring about a sense of united victory among people from different races. The background and experiences of the characters are already films in themselves, but what the characters would actually carry out throughout the film to achieve their goals would bring a lot more to the table. Although, some may argue that the concept of revenge would promote terrorism or violence. That is how the treatment of the film would come in to actually reverse that assumption. As mentioned in the preceding paragraph, this film would not show multiple and never-ending scenes of war veterans exhausting all their ammunition to end up as victors of a war. On the contrary, majority of the scenes of Inglorious Bastards would be quiet conversations. This way, the audience would not only see the mechanics of war, the psyche of the characters would also be understood. Take the case of the antagonist for example, who holds a high position in the Nazi hierarchy. He is more terrorizing than Adolf Hitler himself, but only a few instances in the entire film would the audience actually witness him in a fit of rage. He delivers his orders calmly, which is more effective and would elicit more fear from the characters and audience. Having Quentin Tarantino as the writer and director of the film would make it more interesting than it already is. Tarantino is known for introducing a new genre in the field of filmmaking in Hollywood. His incorporation of the pop culture, which proliferated in the 1970s, in the narration of his movie’s plot brings the audience to a new world. With the non-linear narration of the film, the movie is set to arouse the interest in every moviegoer. With the non-predictability feature of his films, the audience would not fall into a hazy daze but rather explode with excitement with every second and scene that goes by. In the case of Inglorious Bastards, Tarantino actually labored for at least a decade in the production of the movie’s script. Taking into consideration Tarantino’s unique writing style and the amount of labor exerted on this script would prove the quality of the script. His non-linear process of narration is not necessarily unique to him, but his choice of language and words known for his style would increase to the kindled interest of moviegoers everywhere. Knowing Tarantino and the meticulous attention he pays to details, we would be sure he would not get any cinematographer who just happens to be available during the production months. For the production of the movie, the same cinematography Tarantino has been working with for his other previous films would be the same person in charge for Inglorious Bastards. In the previous movies, we can see that the unconventional cinematographic style veers away from simply choosing between a wide angle or a close-up shot. This method of cinematography would complement Tarantino’s unique way of doing movies and would add to the cohesiveness of the film. Similar to the cinematography, the soundtrack of the film would not be what a professional in the industry would expect. The usual orchestra playing a melody in the background would not supplement the fear element in the movie; nor would it use songs from modern day rock bands. To maintain the simplicity of the film, the practice of using background music used in the previous decades. This is also done to create a comic-book feel translated in the movie. The uniqueness in all of the tonal elements in the movie is employed to achieve an ultimate end of the movie, which is to aestheticize violence. Marketing objectives for the film The majority of moviegoers’ age for this movie type would range from age 18 up to, possibly, 50 years old. However, for this particular film, the target market would consist of a wider demographic. Initially, males of different ages would seem to be the most obvious and only target market for the film as it is movie on war. Most people would say females would have no interest on this particular genre. Considering the treatment of the film, however, would make one think otherwise. Since the focus of the story is not mostly on the technicalities of war, but on the anguish, suffering and revenge of the abused, the female demographic is also included. Aside from this, the film would also get the attention of the youth. As young professionals already have the purchasing power, majority of this particular demographic would surely spend on entertainment. What the youth prefer, this film delivers: the film leans towards the unconventional and unpredictable genre, it shows just the right amount of action without capitalizing on blood and gore. When we say youth, we also include younger teenagers probably from 16 years of age. This particular age group would be old enough to understand the concepts of violence and war in the film, and is the most avid audience of upcoming movies. As stated in the earlier paragraphs, the film would be positioned not as a war movie, but as one which tackles the heavy concept of war and revenge in a lighter, less violent manner. It is a movie of reclaiming freedom and honor. With the positioning of the movie stated, we can then say that the tempered violence in the movie would serve as one of the strengths of the movie. The tempered violence throughout the film would allow different profiles on an international scope to be included in the film’s target market. Therefore, the projected net profit for this film would be more than enough to cover production expenses. Aside from this, since this is a story about the Nazi occupation, this film would turn many heads once the publicity of the movie would start. People from different nations would be interested in watching a movie on such a historical event. It would not be one of the movies which end up spending more than they earned. Also, the strength of Tarantino as a writer and director would quiet any raised eyebrows, for his skills and talent as both writer and director is undeniable as can be proven from his previous movies. Having him direct the film and write the screenplay would actually attract more audience for the film.

Petrol Prices Have Seen A Shocking Hike Economics Essay

Petrol Prices Have Seen A Shocking Hike Economics Essay The petrol prices have seen a shocking hike of Rs.7.5 on the 23rd of May. The increase is the first since December, 2011. It went up to INR 78.16 per liter. The RBI was having a tough time coping with the rising inflation and this increase in petrol prices will make it very difficult for them to manage. The rise in price will also hit the common man who is trying very hard to make ends meet. The rate of inflation (annual), based on monthly WPI, stood at 7.23% for April (over April 2011) compared to 6.89% for the previous month The Petrol prices in the four major metros after the hike are as follows: Metro Before petrol hike After Petrol Hike Delhi 65.64 73.14 Mumbai 70.66 78.16 Kolkata 70.03 77.53 Chennai 69.55 77.05 The increase in fuel prices directly or indirectly affects all the major sectors of the country. It affects the transportation, textiles, auto, FMCG, manufacturing, agriculture sectors and so on.   The impact of the indirect effect is that the prices of daily basic commodities get affected and this increase in price of goods would gradually force people to spend more and save less. 58.4% of the Indian population belongs to the agricultural sector and their contribution to the total GDP is only about 18%. Such small amount of income being distributed over a large population have a huge impact on them as even a slightest fluctuation would make them poorer which will further the gap between the rich and the poor. The graph below shows the petrol price fluctuations over the past two decades. cid:[emailprotected] About 50% of the total Indian exports earnings is spent on buying petroleum, particularly, crude oil, this has a negative impact on the countrys overall economy. In the past five years, the amount of imports of the petroleum products is almost 40 per cent of the total exports of India in the last six years. For the year, 2011-12, it has been as high as 51.2 per cent. Such large quantities of imports will exert huge amount of pressure on Indias current account deficit. This increase in the crude oil imports is not just because of the increase in the price but also because of the increase in demand of fuel in the country. The amount of petroleum imports has increased from 82 million tons in 2002-03 to 164 million tons in 2010-11, thus increasing the import bills in terms of rupees by over 500 per cent between 2002-03 and 2010-11. These imports are one of the causes of the depleting foreign exchange reserves. In 2002-03, the percentage of petroleum imports with respect to the foreign exchange reserves were 23.18 and it went up to 34.80 per cent in 2010-11. This should be a major source of concern as a large chunk of the countrys foreign exchange earnings are spent on import of a single commodity. The  ownership of vehicles in India is growing at compound annual growth rate of 12%  for the two wheelers.71% of vehicles are two wheelers, and they run on petrol. Also the sale of two wheelers is around seven times more than the sales of car within the country. Two wheelers essentially provide mobility to the aspiring and the middle class. This gives us a fair idea about the huge amount of petro consumed by the people. India was the worlds fifth largest importer of oil. It imports more than 2.2 million bbl/d, i.e. around 70 percent of its consumption.  Its major imports come from the Middle East (34%), Saudi Arabia (18%) and Africa (22%). cid:[emailprotected] From the below table we can see that, the price of petrol has risen over the period of five years in different countries. Indias and the emerging economies like Russia and Chinas petrol price has grown over by 60% during the past 5 years while the developed economies have   only a max of 20% price growth over the past 5 years. Country and Currency 2007 2012 % increase India (INR) 48.38 78.57 62.4 USA (US$) 0.87 1.02 17.98 Russia (Ruble) 16.79 25.41 51.34 China (Yuan) 4.94 8.33 68.62 Japan (Yen) 136.7 149.4 9.29 Germany (Euro) 1.394 1.631 17 UK (Pound) 1.40197 1.68137 19.92 Both oil and petroleum products are scarce commodities. Therefore both demand and supply are less elastic. The demand-supply and other factors   like cartel, hoarding, supply shocks etc., the prices are   fluctuating (increasing) to such great levels causing demand pull, as well as cost push inflation. The inflated oil prices not only affect the poor people of the country but also rich people. But the impact is more significant on the poor people. Increase in the international oil price leads to a domestic inflation, which thereby decreases the foreign exchange reserves. The supply of the foreign currency reduces thus appreciating the value of the foreign currency and depreciating the local currency which in turn increases the prices of imports. It also deteriorates the balance of trade of the country. All these factors push a country into the poverty trap. International oil price hike affects both the public and the government. It brings in inflation and reduces the purchasing power of the people. It also affects the governments revenue and expenditure. Government being the biggest consumer, it has a negative effect on the real GDP, on the foreign exchange reserves; it increases the total foreign debt of the country and also further deteriorates the current account deficit of the country. With the increase in the fuel prices, the price of consumer products increases because oil is an essential component of the industrial and the manufacturing sectors, also petrol and diesel is used for the transportation of goods, thus creating an inflationary pressure. The government can take a few initiatives which can help in the long run. For e.g. there could be a fuel shift from petrol, diesel to Hybrid, CNG, non-motorized transport etc. Also we could undergo a modal shift i.e. from road freight transport to rail freight transport. The government can also make fuel more affordable by targeting more on subsidies and improving the already existing schemes. Also the vehicles fuel economy standards can be improved there by making it fuel efficient. People can take a few demand side management initiatives like car pooling etc.

Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre Essay

Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre 'Jane Eyre' was written in the mid-nineteenth century and is set during the Victorian period, at a time where a women's role in society was restrictive and repressive and class differences were distinct. A job as a governess was one of the only few respectable positions available to the educated but impoverished single women. Schools of the 19th century were strict, and they demanded much hard work and participation from the students, however, just the same, children of the time loved going to school. Most children felt that it was a privilege to attend school and they especially enjoyed the time it gave them to be with and socialize with other children. This is reflected in the novel because Jane is glad to be leaving her cruel aunt and of having the chance of going to school. In the country where small, one-room schools existed, the "Three Rs" were considered the most important subjects because, to be able to read the Bible would make a person a better Christian. In the novel, Mr. Brocklehurst said 'take away your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh'. He was asking Jane to pray to God to change her attitude towards religion, highlighting the importance of religion. Good penmanship-writing was a valuable skill as neat, legible handwriting was considered a sign of a cultured person, and knowing how to solve mathematical-arithmetic problems was important for anyone who wanted to be a farmer, a store keeper, a craftsperson, a miller, or any number of other careers. The depiction of disease in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre helps define Jane's social position and. This is because the poor were often associated with diseases such as tuberculosis in the Victorian peri... ...r experiences as an emotionally abused and lost child result to feelings of constant need to replenish herself and rely on herself. It is necessary for women to be independent in life; but not to the point where they lack trust in others and cannot develop relationships with other people. Jane constantly doubts her trust in other people. She denies relationships that could be truly fulfilling in her life because she lacks the ability to depend on or trust other people. However, she eventually does realise her mistakes and matures through them. In conclusion, I think that the most important reasons why Jane came to prefer Lowood to Gateshead despite its hardships is that she received love and affection at Lowood from mainly Miss Temple and Helen Burns, this was particularly important to Jane as she had not really had not really ever been loved by anyone.

Critical and Creative Thinking Of Law Essay

Ever been stuck on that one level of Candy Crush and cannot seem to get past it? Then, to make things worse, you notice all the other players on levels 254, 386, or some other outrageous level, while you have been stuck on level 46 for months. How on earth are these people so talented and smart? The answer is simple. It is called critical and creative thinking. Critical and creative thinking are two methods used to formulate a genuine response to a situation, which the decision could affect the future. This article identifies how important critical and creative thinking is in the hands of a judge, the characteristics of both thinking processes, and how it leads to higher intellectual thinking and decision making. Experience in Critical and Creative Thinking Every person is faced with a point in their life when they are left with no other means of a decision rather than to critically and creatively think about the situation. Many people use these types of thinking techniques on an everyday basis, while others may just live on the edge. According to James, N., Hughes, C., & Cappa, C (2010), â€Å" Within the discipline of law, critical thinking is frequently emphasized but often defined with a lack of precision or not at all† (P. 287). James, Hughes, and Cappa identify the process of legal critical thinking, also known as CLT, below: â€Å" Type 1: The judgement of specific claims and arguments (including claims about the law and legal arguments) according to the criteria of accuracy and logic. Type 2: The judgement of disciplinary knowledge (including legal doctrine, legal rules and legal processes) according to the criteria of consistency with theoretical and ideological standards (including jurisprudential and liberal standards). Type 3: The judgement of norms, decisions and processes (including laws, legal decisions and legal processes) according to the criterion of equity of outcome.† (2010). In The Mind of a Judge When people do not weigh the positives and negatives of the actions they are about to perform, the consequences could result in a criminal record. Think of one person that has never broken the law. Any luck? Most likely, the answer is no. Let’s be honest; it is illegal to remove those ridiculous caution stickers that come on just about anything you purchase. On another note, not all people use their common sense on what will happen if you stick a fork in a toaster or drop a hair dryer in the bathtub full of water. The point is if one does not use critical thinking before they act; the consequences could be a lot bigger than anyone may wish for. The cost of something that seems as little as a speeding ticket could always lead to the unexpected. Imagine role-playing a judicial position for a day. At first, it appears to be a piece of cake. Here is this giant book of rules and if you break them, you will get whichever consequence the book says. It is not quite that simple. Decision process. After the first few months on the job as the judge’s administrative assistant, a very difficult case came up that dealt with a past relationship between a man and a woman and a sexual assault case. The case left the judge and I puzzled and not sure on the verdict. He called for a recess, and we took a little while to discuss the nature of the situation. Not only did we use critical thinking, but also, creative thinking. We took out a piece of paper and step-by-step we went through the evidence to clarify how the story lines up. Then, we viewed the perspectives of both sides and the problems of possible scenarios. This was a very difficult situation because both of us knew the man that was being accused of the crime. After we finished laying out the steps of our critical thinking process, we then moved forward to our creative state of mind. How would the outcome of our decision affect others? What will be accomplished in our decision-making? What behavioral patterns will be eliminated? After, writing out all of the details to both sides of the story and examining possible motives, we  concluded that the defendant was not guilty. There was not enough evidence to prove the defendant guilty and the story of the victim did not add up. The pressure of making these paramount decisions is not a job anyone should wish for. Any wrong decision could affect the life of another individual, or worse, more than one person. This is only one prime example why critical and creative thinking is an important factor in an effective decision-making process. The critical and creative thinking must be used by those who have the power to determine whether or not an individual is guilty or not guilty and how the guilty will pay for the consequences they brought upon themselves. Critical and Creative Thinking Characteristics With the variety of everyday challenges that may spontaneously occur, critical and creative thinking is a wise choice in the decision-making process for those important choices that must be made. Learning the characteristics of both thinking processes is vital in understanding how to practice critical and creative thinking effectively. Some of the characteristics of each will be discussed below. Critical thinking. The unbiased study and evaluation of a situation used to form a decision sums up the definition of critical thinking. Some characteristics that identify the clarity of critical thinking are as follows: 1) thinking that evolves to an accurate, precise, and depth decision, 2) thinking that develops higher intellectual traits, 3) thought that helps the thinker recognize the fundamentals of thought that exist in every problem, and 4) thinking involves the answering of questions before the decision is made. These are just a few characteristics to consider when using critical thinking. To effectively pursue this thought process one must be able logically to connect the fundamentals of each problem (Rusbult, 2008). Creative thinking. According to NC State University, creative thinking is, â€Å"the generation of new ideas within or across domains of knowledge, drawing upon or intentionally breaking with established symbolic rules and procedures. It usually involves the behaviors of preparation, incubation, insight, evaluation, elaboration, and communication† (2014). Creative thinkers obtain a sum of common characteristics. Each thinker must contain a solid  conscious of self-adequacy and are keen on taking risks. We often refer to these as â€Å"risk takers† rather than â€Å"critical thinkers†, but both can be used in specific problem solving. Summary of Intellectual Thinking In conclusion, not every important decision in life can be made by critical thinking but are better off using creative thinking to solve the problem. How would you feel if you were in a life or death situation in the hands of a doctor and they decided to kick back for a little to assess the situation, define possible negativities and outcomes and then compare and contrast them with the positives? You may not be here. Some decisions in life are best prepared based on creative thinking. However, if one practices critical thinking often, the intellectual ability to make bigger and wiser choices will develop. These abilities will help the creative state of mind become more natural and easier. Hence, why it was more difficult for me to determine the verdict of the trial earlier. Critical and creative thinking requires a higher intellectual ability and confidence. In order to posses these skills, one must be able to ignore the natural instinct to protect your personal beliefs. Anyone could be incorrect; critical and creative thinkers need to be ready to face that possibility. After the knowledge of critical and creative thinking, your intellectual thoughts will thicken and create your own knowledge of the world. Rather than seeking the thoughts of others and their assumptions, your brain will provide you with the proper knowledgeable toolkit to make your own conclusions based on the information provided. References James, N., Hughes, C., & Cappa, C. (2010). Conceptualising, developing and assessing critical thinking in law. Teaching In Higher Education, 15(3), 285-297. NC State Univeristy. (2014). Critical and Creative Thinking Definitions. Adapted from John Dewey; Richard Paul and Lind Elder; Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and M.A. Rosenman and J. S. Gero. Retrieved from http://accreditation.ncsu.edu/critical-creative-thinking-definitions. Rusbult, C. (December 2008). Critical Thinking Skills In Education and Life. The American Scientific Affiliation. Retrieved from http://www.asa3.org/ASA/education/think/critical.htm#critical-thinking

Finny The Great

Throughout the novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles, there were two dominant characters. Gene who is the narrator and Finny who is Gene’s best friend have a great relationship shown in A Separate Peace. Finny whose real name is Phineas has three qualities, manipulation, athleticism, and is a strong leader. Manipulation is shown all through the novel by Finny and is one of his best assets that he has. We see his manipulation skills from getting out of trouble when they skipped dinner to the time he made Gene first jump out of the tree. The reason sir is that we just had to jump out of that tree. You know that tree†¦because we’re all getting ready for the war†¦Mr. Prud’homme released his breath with a sort of amazed laugh, stared at Finny for awhile, and that was all there was to it’† (15,16). Finny, in this quote, gets Gene and himself out of trouble after they skipped dinner the night before and every time they get in trouble. In the Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session he persuades Gene to go on the jump every night even though Gene does not want to and would rather study. Finny is an incredible athlete, modest, and is very brave, this is shown through his breaking of the long-standing school swimming record and not wanting to show off his talent. Another athletic move Finny makes is inventing a new game called blitzball during the summer classes, which they play all the time. When Finny breaks his leg and is never able to play sports again it devastates him. â€Å"‘Listen, pal, if I cant play sports, you’re going to play them for me’† (77). When Finny says this his anger is so high since he cannot play sports that he ant someone else to play for him to have that security of sports still around him. Throughout the novel Finny shows great leadership. Everything done by Finny and his friends he is leading. When they made up Blitzball he was the one who made up the rules and tells Gene and their friends how to play the game. â€Å"‘Now Leper has just brought out a really important fine point of the game. The receiver can refuse a pass if he happens to choose to. Sine we’re all enemies, we can and will turn on each other all the time. We call that the Lepellier Refusal’† 30). Finny has a knack for leading people and does this when they first start the Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session. Without Phineas using his charismatic attitude, athleticism and his leadership skills the novel would be very boring. Finny `s charismatic attitude shown all throughout the novel helps him get the things he wants and has excitement in the novel. His athleticism makes him competitive and makes up the game of the summer blitzball. Finny has great leadership skills so he can manipulate people and get what he wants from his friends.